The reason behind regenerative medicine is to repair or heal damaged tissues and organs due to aging, diseases, or traumas. This definition includes many protective treatment methods out of medical principles such as vaccination.

Currently, the definition of regenerative medicine is used to describe stem cell research and treatments aimed to re-establish tissue and organ functions. This treatment can be performed in two ways: by obtaining differentiated cells from stem cells in laboratory setting, or by providing medicine to activate stem cells within the body and allowing them to repair faster with more efficiency.

In practice of medical use of stem cells, bone marrow transplantation has the most settled standards and application conditions. Use of other stem cells for treatments is still in progress, yet experiments gives hope for their future use.